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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the name given to a group of physical and mental birth defects caused by a woman drinking heavily during pregnancy.

FAS is characterized by abnormal facial features, growth retardation, and central nervous system problems. Children with FAS may have problems with learning, memory, attention span, problem solving, speech, and hearing. They can also have problems in school and problems getting along with their friends.

FAS is an irreversible, lifelong condition that affects every aspect of a child's life and the lives of the child's family; however, FAS is 100% preventable - if a woman does not drink alcohol while she is pregnant.

If a pregnant woman drinks alcohol but her child does not have all the symptoms of FAS, it is possible that her child may be born with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disabilities (ARND). Children with ARND may demonstrate learning and behavioral problems caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. There is no safe amount of alcohol that a woman can drink while pregnant.

When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, so does her fetus, because alcohol crosses the placenta freely. There is no safe dose of alcohol in pregnancy, and there does not appear to be a safe period during pregnancy for drinking.

All drinks containing alcohol can hurt an unborn baby. A standard 12-ounce can of beer has the same amount of alcohol as a 4-ounce glass of wine or a 1-ounce shot of straight liquor. In addition, some alcoholic drinks, such as malt beverages, wine coolers, and mixed drinks often contain more alcohol than a 12-ounce can of beer.

If a pregnant woman does drink, it is never too late for her to stop. The sooner a pregnant woman stops drinking, the better it will be for both her and her baby.

There is no cure for FAS; however, with early identification and diagnosis, children with FAS can receive services that can help increase their potential.

NCEH Pub No. 99-0309
National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome