Exposure to cold temperatures for extended time periods can be very dangerous for anyone, especially children. Frostbite and Hypothermia are threats because children do not recognize the signs and symptoms associated with these conditions.

Frostbite is damage to skin tissue caused by exposure to extreme cold.

In mild frostbite, there is a stinging sensation and blanching of the skin.

In more serious cases, numbness will occur, the area will appear white or blotchy and feel cold and hard.

Treatment:

For mild frostbite, bring the person into a warm place.

Warm the affected area gradually by blowing on it or holding warm hands firmly on the area.

Do not rub the skin.

If the skin blisters or does not return to normal color, see a medical doctor immediately for treatment.

Prevention:

Check temperature and wind chill factor.

Limit the time outside on cold days.

Dress children in layers, avoid tight clothing.

Use mittens instead of gloves.

Cover vulnerable areas such as cheeks, ears, nose and mouth.

Hypothermia is a drop in body temperature from being out in the cold for extended periods. The risk is increased when it is windy or if a person's clothes are wet.

Symptoms:

Teeth chattering

Shivering

Fatigue

If it is more severe
Slurred speech

Lack of coordination

or Loss of consciousness

Treatment:

Bring the person inside immediately

Give them dry, warm clothes and a warm drink

If the person is unconscious, take him/her to the hospital Emergency Room.

Prevention:

Check temperature and wind chill factor before going outdoors.

For a child, monitor the length of time he/she is outside.

Dress the child in layers; making sure head and face are covered.

Check child frequently for wet clothes.

Have frequent breaks inside with food and warm drinks to help warm the child.

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Frostbite, Hypothermia & Exposure Prevention and Treatments